Many people in Pompeii and the towns near it did not know that Vesuvius (the volcano that buried Pompeii) was a volcano. They assumed that it was just a hill. In the eighth century BC the volcano was active but it had remained dormant for eight-hundred years. By the first-century AD however pressure had grown considerably inside Vesuvius because of a plug of hardened lava. Because of this pressure on February Fifth, sixty-two AD earthquakes shook Southern Italy.
Seventeen years after the earthquakes earth tremors started again. Streams around Vesuvius dried up. On the 24th of August,79 AD pressure inside the volcano blew out the lava-hard plug and turned Vesuvius into a full-scale erupting volcano. Tons of volcanic lava, pumice and ashes were rocketed into the sky. This was called fall-out.
The cloud was blown Southward over Pompeii and killed thousands. The cloud dumped millions of tons down on Pompeii burying it completely. People died not just from suffocation, but also from rooves collapsing. Pompeiians' roofs were only built for rain and other light elements and the people that were still in the houses after the pumice rained down for hours were killed in this way.
After the eruption the center of Vesuvius was reveealed to have been blown out and the sides fell-in to form a vast crater more than eleven kilometers in circumference. Since 79 AD a new cone has formed on the Southside of Vesuvius but, the north-east wall of the old crater lives on under the name Monte Somma.
It is estimated that more than two-thousand people died within the town of Pompeii while many bodies were found strewn across the countryside from poisonous gases and other things.
To have you understand exactly how much ash fell on top of Pompeii, there are twelve layers of sand spanning four meters. If you would understand, a full grown human would be just under two meters tall. The twelve layers are.
- lava pebbles
- light white pumice
- heavier grey pumice
- greenish gray pumice
- hardened volcanic sand
- Lapilli
- sandy ash with carbonized wood
- ash
- lapilli (again)
- ash (again)
- lapilli (again)
- top soil
This horrible disaster is a fascinating subject for many because of the enormity of it.
Interested? Check out the movie
and where this information came from
- Pompeii, by Peter Connolly